Not unified by a single style, artists were united by the inclusion of abstract elements and symbolic content in their artwork. As opposed to earlier styles, Post-Impressionism covers many different types of art, from the Pointillism of Georges Seurat to the Symbolism of Paul Gauguin. This time, artists reacted against the need for the naturalistic depictions of light and colour in Impressionist art. Iconic Painting: Water Lilies series by Claude MonetĪgain originating from France, this type of art developed between 18 as a response to the Impressionist movement. Art Institute of Chicago.Īrtists to Know: Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Mary Cassatt This initial underground exhibition, which took place in 1874, allowed them to gain public favour. Additional artists would join in forming their own society to exhibit their artwork after being rejected by the traditional French salons, who deemed it too controversial to exhibit. The original group, which included Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille, formed in the early 1860s in France. The Impressionists started as a group of French artists who broke with academic tradition by painting en plein air-a shocking decision when most landscape painters executed their work indoors in a studio. Breaking from Realism, Impressionist painters moved away from realistic representations to use visible brushstrokes, vivid colours with little mixing, and open compositions to capture the emotion of light and movement. It may be hard to believe, but this now beloved art genre was once an outcast visual movement. Iconic Painting: The Gleaners by Jean-François Millet Photography was also an influence on this type of art, pushing painters to produce realistic representations in competition with this new technology.Īrtists to Know: Gustav Courbet, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jean-François Millet What may seem normal now was revolutionary after centuries of painters depicting exotic scenes from mythology and the Bible, or creating portraits of the nobility and clergy.įrench artists like Gustave Courbet and Honoré Daumier, as well as international artists like James Abbott McNeill Whistler, focused on all social classes in their artwork, giving voice to poorer members of society for the first time and depicting social issues stemming from the Industrial Revolution. A clear rejection of Romanticism, the dominant style that had come before it, Realist painters focused on scenes of contemporary people and daily life. Realism is a genre of art that started in France after the French Revolution of 1848. These 10 visual art movements are fundamental to understanding the different types of art that shape modern history.
And by looking back at some of the most important art movements in history, we have a clearer understanding of how famous artists like Van Gogh, Picasso, and Warhol have revolutionized the art world. By tracing a timeline through different art movements, we are able to not only see how modern and contemporary art has developed, but also how art is a reflection of its time.įor instance, did you know that Impressionism was once considered an underground, controversial movement or that Abstract Expressionism signalled a shift in the art world from Paris to New York? Like building blocks, from Realism to Lowbrow, these different types of art are interconnected. As the creative pendulum swings, artistic styles are often reactions against or homages to their predecessors.
Looking back through Western history, it is incredible to see how many types of art have made an impact on society.
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